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Well-Known Labels, Annotations and Taints

1: Audit Annotations

Kubernetes reserves all labels and annotations in the kubernetes.io and k8s.io namespaces.

This document serves both as a reference to the values and as a coordination point for assigning values.

Labels, annotations and taints used on API objects

apf.kubernetes.io/autoupdate-spec

Type: Annotation

Example: apf.kubernetes.io/autoupdate-spec: "true"

Used on: FlowSchema and PriorityLevelConfiguration Objects

If this annotation is set to true on a FlowSchema or PriorityLevelConfiguration, the spec for that object is managed by the kube-apiserver. If the API server does not recognize an APF object, and you annotate it for automatic update, the API server deletes the entire object. Otherwise, the API server does not manage the object spec. For more details, read Maintenance of the Mandatory and Suggested Configuration Objects.

app.kubernetes.io/component

Type: Label

Example: app.kubernetes.io/component: "database"

Used on: All Objects (typically used on workload resources).

The component within the application architecture.

One of the recommended labels.

app.kubernetes.io/created-by (deprecated)

Type: Label

Example: app.kubernetes.io/created-by: "controller-manager"

Used on: All Objects (typically used onworkload resources).

The controller/user who created this resource.

Note: Starting from v1.9, this label is deprecated.

app.kubernetes.io/instance

Type: Label

Example: app.kubernetes.io/instance: "mysql-abcxzy"

Used on: All Objects (typically used on workload resources).

A unique name identifying the instance of an application. To assign a non-unique name, use app.kubernetes.io/name.

One of the recommended labels.

app.kubernetes.io/managed-by

Type: Label

Example: app.kubernetes.io/managed-by: "helm"

Used on: All Objects (typically used on workload resources).

The tool being used to manage the operation of an application.

One of the recommended labels.

app.kubernetes.io/name

Type: Label

Example: app.kubernetes.io/name: "mysql"

Used on: All Objects (typically used on workload resources).

The name of the application.

One of the recommended labels.

app.kubernetes.io/part-of

Type: Label

Example: app.kubernetes.io/part-of: "wordpress"

Used on: All Objects (typically used on workload resources).

The name of a higher-level application this object is part of.

One of the recommended labels.

app.kubernetes.io/version

Type: Label

Example: app.kubernetes.io/version: "5.7.21"

Used on: All Objects (typically used on workload resources).

The current version of the application.

Common forms of values include:

semantic version
the Git revision hash for the source code.

One of the recommended labels.

applyset.kubernetes.io/additional-namespaces (alpha)

Type: Annotation

Example: applyset.kubernetes.io/additional-namespaces: "namespace1,namespace2"

Used on: Objects being used as ApplySet parents.

Use of this annotation is Alpha. For Kubernetes version 1.29, you can use this annotation on Secrets, ConfigMaps, or custom resources if the CustomResourceDefinition defining them has the applyset.kubernetes.io/is-parent-type label.

Part of the specification used to implement ApplySet-based pruning in kubectl. This annotation is applied to the parent object used to track an ApplySet to extend the scope of the ApplySet beyond the parent object's own namespace (if any). The value is a comma-separated list of the names of namespaces other than the parent's namespace in which objects are found.

applyset.kubernetes.io/contains-group-resources (alpha)

Type: Annotation

Example: applyset.kubernetes.io/contains-group-resources: "certificates.cert-manager.io,configmaps,deployments.apps,secrets,services"

Used on: Objects being used as ApplySet parents.

Part of the specification used to implement ApplySet-based pruning in kubectl. This annotation is applied to the parent object used to track an ApplySet to optimize listing of ApplySet member objects. It is optional in the ApplySet specification, as tools can perform discovery or use a different optimization. However, as of Kubernetes version 1.29, it is required by kubectl. When present, the value of this annotation must be a comma separated list of the group-kinds, in the fully-qualified name format, i.e. <resource>.<group>.

applyset.kubernetes.io/id (alpha)

Type: Label

Example: applyset.kubernetes.io/id: "applyset-0eFHV8ySqp7XoShsGvyWFQD3s96yqwHmzc4e0HR1dsY-v1"

Used on: Objects being used as ApplySet parents.

Use of this label is Alpha. For Kubernetes version 1.29, you can use this label on Secrets, ConfigMaps, or custom resources if the CustomResourceDefinition defining them has the applyset.kubernetes.io/is-parent-type label.

Part of the specification used to implement ApplySet-based pruning in kubectl. This label is what makes an object an ApplySet parent object. Its value is the unique ID of the ApplySet, which is derived from the identity of the parent object itself. This ID must be the base64 encoding (using the URL safe encoding of RFC4648) of the hash of the group-kind-name-namespace of the object it is on, in the form: <base64(sha256(<name>.<namespace>.<kind>.<group>))>. There is no relation between the value of this label and object UID.

applyset.kubernetes.io/is-parent-type (alpha)

Type: Label

Example: applyset.kubernetes.io/is-parent-type: "true"

Used on: Custom Resource Definition (CRD)

Use of this label is Alpha. Part of the specification used to implement ApplySet-based pruning in kubectl. You can set this label on a CustomResourceDefinition (CRD) to identify the custom resource type it defines (not the CRD itself) as an allowed parent for an ApplySet. The only permitted value for this label is "true"; if you want to mark a CRD as not being a valid parent for ApplySets, omit this label.

applyset.kubernetes.io/part-of (alpha)

Type: Label

Example: applyset.kubernetes.io/part-of: "applyset-0eFHV8ySqp7XoShsGvyWFQD3s96yqwHmzc4e0HR1dsY-v1"

Used on: All objects.

Use of this label is Alpha. Part of the specification used to implement ApplySet-based pruning in kubectl. This label is what makes an object a member of an ApplySet. The value of the label must match the value of the applyset.kubernetes.io/id label on the parent object.

applyset.kubernetes.io/tooling (alpha)

Type: Annotation

Example: applyset.kubernetes.io/tooling: "kubectl/v1.29"

Used on: Objects being used as ApplySet parents.

Use of this annotation is Alpha. For Kubernetes version 1.29, you can use this annotation on Secrets, ConfigMaps, or custom resources if the CustomResourceDefinitiondefining them has the applyset.kubernetes.io/is-parent-type label.

Part of the specification used to implement ApplySet-based pruning in kubectl. This annotation is applied to the parent object used to track an ApplySet to indicate which tooling manages that ApplySet. Tooling should refuse to mutate ApplySets belonging to other tools. The value must be in the format <toolname>/<semver>.

apps.kubernetes.io/pod-index (beta)

Type: Label

Example: apps.kubernetes.io/pod-index: "0"

Used on: Pod

When a StatefulSet controller creates a Pod for the StatefulSet, it sets this label on that Pod. The value of the label is the ordinal index of the pod being created.

See Pod Index Label in the StatefulSet topic for more details. Note the PodIndexLabel feature gate must be enabled for this label to be added to pods.

cluster-autoscaler.kubernetes.io/safe-to-evict

Type: Annotation

Example: cluster-autoscaler.kubernetes.io/safe-to-evict: "true"

Used on: Pod

When this annotation is set to "true", the cluster autoscaler is allowed to evict a Pod even if other rules would normally prevent that. The cluster autoscaler never evicts Pods that have this annotation explicitly set to "false"; you could set that on an important Pod that you want to keep running. If this annotation is not set then the cluster autoscaler follows its Pod-level behavior.

config.kubernetes.io/local-config

Type: Annotation

Example: config.kubernetes.io/local-config: "true"

Used on: All objects

This annotation is used in manifests to mark an object as local configuration that should not be submitted to the Kubernetes API.

A value of "true" for this annotation declares that the object is only consumed by client-side tooling and should not be submitted to the API server.

A value of "false" can be used to declare that the object should be submitted to the API server even when it would otherwise be assumed to be local.

This annotation is part of the Kubernetes Resource Model (KRM) Functions Specification, which is used by Kustomize and similar third-party tools. For example, Kustomize removes objects with this annotation from its final build output.

container.apparmor.security.beta.kubernetes.io/* (beta)

Type: Annotation

Example: container.apparmor.security.beta.kubernetes.io/my-container: my-custom-profile

Used on: Pods

This annotation allows you to specify the AppArmor security profile for a container within a Kubernetes pod. To learn more, see the AppArmor tutorial. The tutorial illustrates using AppArmor to restrict a container's abilities and access.

The profile specified dictates the set of rules and restrictions that the containerized process must adhere to. This helps enforce security policies and isolation for your containers.

internal.config.kubernetes.io/* (reserved prefix)

Type: Annotation

Used on: All objects

This prefix is reserved for internal use by tools that act as orchestrators in accordance with the Kubernetes Resource Model (KRM) Functions Specification. Annotations with this prefix are internal to the orchestration process and are not persisted to the manifests on the filesystem. In other words, the orchestrator tool should set these annotations when reading files from the local filesystem and remove them when writing the output of functions back to the filesystem.

A KRM function must not modify annotations with this prefix, unless otherwise specified for a given annotation. This enables orchestrator tools to add additional internal annotations, without requiring changes to existing functions.

internal.config.kubernetes.io/path

Type: Annotation

Example: internal.config.kubernetes.io/path: "relative/file/path.yaml"

Used on: All objects

This annotation records the slash-delimited, OS-agnostic, relative path to the manifest file the object was loaded from. The path is relative to a fixed location on the filesystem, determined by the orchestrator tool.

This annotation is part of the Kubernetes Resource Model (KRM) Functions Specification, which is used by Kustomize and similar third-party tools.

A KRM Function should not modify this annotation on input objects unless it is modifying the referenced files. A KRM Function may include this annotation on objects it generates.

internal.config.kubernetes.io/index

Type: Annotation

Example: internal.config.kubernetes.io/index: "2"

Used on: All objects

This annotation records the zero-indexed position of the YAML document that contains the object within the manifest file the object was loaded from. Note that YAML documents are separated by three dashes (---) and can each contain one object. When this annotation is not specified, a value of 0 is implied.

This annotation is part of the Kubernetes Resource Model (KRM) Functions Specification, which is used by Kustomize and similar third-party tools.

A KRM Function should not modify this annotation on input objects unless it is modifying the referenced files. A KRM Function may include this annotation on objects it generates.

kubernetes.io/arch

Type: Label

Example: kubernetes.io/arch: "amd64"

Used on: Node

The Kubelet populates this with runtime.GOARCH as defined by Go. This can be handy if you are mixing ARM and x86 nodes.

kubernetes.io/os

Type: Label

Example: kubernetes.io/os: "linux"

Used on: Node, Pod

For nodes, the kubelet populates this with runtime.GOOS as defined by Go. This can be handy if you are mixing operating systems in your cluster (for example: mixing Linux and Windows nodes).

You can also set this label on a Pod. Kubernetes allows you to set any value for this label; if you use this label, you should nevertheless set it to the Go runtime.GOOS string for the operating system that this Pod actually works with.

When the kubernetes.io/os label value for a Pod does not match the label value on a Node, the kubelet on the node will not admit the Pod. However, this is not taken into account by the kube-scheduler. Alternatively, the kubelet refuses to run a Pod where you have specified a Pod OS, if this isn't the same as the operating system for the node where that kubelet is running. Just look for Pods OS for more details.

kubernetes.io/metadata.name

Type: Label

Example: kubernetes.io/metadata.name: "mynamespace"

Used on: Namespaces

The Kubernetes API server (part of the control plane) sets this label on all namespaces. The label value is set to the name of the namespace. You can't change this label's value.

This is useful if you want to target a specific namespace with a label selector.

kubernetes.io/limit-ranger

Type: Annotation

Example: kubernetes.io/limit-ranger: "LimitRanger plugin set: cpu, memory request for container nginx; cpu, memory limit for container nginx"

Used on: Pod

Kubernetes by default doesn't provide any resource limit, that means unless you explicitly define limits, your container can consume unlimited CPU and memory. You can define a default request or default limit for pods. You do this by creating a LimitRange in the relevant namespace. Pods deployed after you define a LimitRange will have these limits applied to them. The annotation kubernetes.io/limit-ranger records that resource defaults were specified for the Pod, and they were applied successfully. For more details, read about LimitRanges.

kubernetes.io/config.hash

Type: Annotation

Example: kubernetes.io/config.hash: "df7cc47f8477b6b1226d7d23a904867b"

Used on: Pod

When the kubelet creates a static Pod based on a given manifest, it attaches this annotation to the static Pod. The value of the annotation is the UID of the Pod. Note that the kubelet also sets the .spec.nodeName to the current node name as if the Pod was scheduled to the node.

kubernetes.io/config.mirror

Type: Annotation

Example: kubernetes.io/config.mirror: "df7cc47f8477b6b1226d7d23a904867b"

Used on: Pod

For a static Pod created by the kubelet on a node, a mirror Pod is created on the API server. The kubelet adds an annotation to indicate that this Pod is actually a mirror Pod. The annotation value is copied from the kubernetes.io/config.hash annotation, which is the UID of the Pod.

When updating a Pod with this annotation set, the annotation cannot be changed or removed. If a Pod doesn't have this annotation, it cannot be added during a Pod update.

kubernetes.io/config.source

Type: Annotation

Example: kubernetes.io/config.source: "file"

Used on: Pod

This annotation is added by the kubelet to indicate where the Pod comes from. For static Pods, the annotation value could be one of file or http depending on where the Pod manifest is located. For a Pod created on the API server and then scheduled to the current node, the annotation value is api.

kubernetes.io/config.seen

Type: Annotation

Example: kubernetes.io/config.seen: "2023-10-27T04:04:56.011314488Z"

Used on: Pod

When the kubelet sees a Pod for the first time, it may add this annotation to the Pod with a value of current timestamp in the RFC3339 format.

addonmanager.kubernetes.io/mode

Type: Label

Example: addonmanager.kubernetes.io/mode: "Reconcile"

Used on: All objects

To specify how an add-on should be managed, you can use the addonmanager.kubernetes.io/mode label. This label can have one of three values: Reconcile, EnsureExists, or Ignore.

Reconcile: Addon resources will be periodically reconciled with the expected state. If there are any differences, the add-on manager will recreate, reconfigure or delete the resources as needed. This is the default mode if no label is specified.
EnsureExists: Addon resources will be checked for existence only but will not be modified after creation. The add-on manager will create or re-create the resources when there is no instance of the resource with that name.
Ignore: Addon resources will be ignored. This mode is useful for add-ons that are not compatible with the add-on manager or that are managed by another controller.

For more details, see Addon-manager.

beta.kubernetes.io/arch (deprecated)

Type: Label

This label has been deprecated. Please use kubernetes.io/arch instead.

beta.kubernetes.io/os (deprecated)

Type: Label

This label has been deprecated. Please use kubernetes.io/os instead.

kube-aggregator.kubernetes.io/automanaged

Type: Label

Example: kube-aggregator.kubernetes.io/automanaged: "onstart"

Used on: APIService

The kube-apiserver sets this label on any APIService object that the API server has created automatically. The label marks how the control plane should manage that APIService. You should not add, modify, or remove this label by yourself.

Note: Automanaged APIService objects are deleted by kube-apiserver when it has no built-in or custom resource API corresponding to the API group/version of the APIService.

There are two possible values:

onstart: The APIService should be reconciled when an API server starts up, but not otherwise.
true: The API server should reconcile this APIService continuously.

service.alpha.kubernetes.io/tolerate-unready-endpoints (deprecated)

Type: Annotation

Used on: StatefulSet

This annotation on a Service denotes if the Endpoints controller should go ahead and create Endpoints for unready Pods. Endpoints of these Services retain their DNS records and continue receiving traffic for the Service from the moment the kubelet starts all containers in the pod and marks it Running, til the kubelet stops all containers and deletes the pod from the API server.

kubernetes.io/hostname

Type: Label

Example: kubernetes.io/hostname: "ip-172-20-114-199.ec2.internal"

Used on: Node

The Kubelet populates this label with the hostname of the node. Note that the hostname can be changed from the "actual" hostname by passing the --hostname-override flag to the kubelet.

This label is also used as part of the topology hierarchy. See topology.kubernetes.io/zone for more information.

kubernetes.io/change-cause

Type: Annotation

Example: kubernetes.io/change-cause: "kubectl edit --record deployment foo"

Used on: All Objects

This annotation is a best guess at why something was changed.

It is populated when adding --record to a kubectl command that may change an object.

kubernetes.io/description

Type: Annotation

Example: kubernetes.io/description: "Description of K8s object."

Used on: All Objects

This annotation is used for describing specific behaviour of given object.

kubernetes.io/enforce-mountable-secrets

Type: Annotation

Example: kubernetes.io/enforce-mountable-secrets: "true"

Used on: ServiceAccount

The value for this annotation must be true to take effect. When you set this annotation to "true", Kubernetes enforces the following rules for Pods running as this ServiceAccount:

Secrets mounted as volumes must be listed in the ServiceAccount's secrets field.
Secrets referenced in envFrom for containers (including sidecar containers and init containers) must also be listed in the ServiceAccount's secrets field. If any container in a Pod references a Secret not listed in the ServiceAccount's secrets field (and even if the reference is marked as optional), then the Pod will fail to start, and an error indicating the non-compliant secret reference will be generated.
Secrets referenced in a Pod's imagePullSecrets must be present in the ServiceAccount's imagePullSecrets field, the Pod will fail to start, and an error indicating the non-compliant image pull secret reference will be generated.

When you create or update a Pod, these rules are checked. If a Pod doesn't follow them, it won't start and you'll see an error message. If a Pod is already running and you change the kubernetes.io/enforce-mountable-secrets annotation to true, or you edit the associated ServiceAccount to remove the reference to a Secret that the Pod is already using, the Pod continues to run.

node.kubernetes.io/exclude-from-external-load-balancers

Type: Label

Example: node.kubernetes.io/exclude-from-external-load-balancers

Used on: Node

Kubernetes automatically enables the ServiceNodeExclusion feature gate on the clusters it creates. With this feature gate enabled on a cluster, you can add labels to particular worker nodes to exclude them from the list of backend servers. The following command can be used to exclude a worker node from the list of backend servers in a backend set:

kubectl label nodes <node-name> node.kubernetes.io/exclude-from-external-load-balancers=true

controller.kubernetes.io/pod-deletion-cost

Type: Annotation

Example: controller.kubernetes.io/pod-deletion-cost: "10"

Used on: Pod

This annotation is used to set Pod Deletion Cost which allows users to influence ReplicaSet downscaling order. The annotation value parses into an int32 type.

cluster-autoscaler.kubernetes.io/enable-ds-eviction

Type: Annotation

Example: cluster-autoscaler.kubernetes.io/enable-ds-eviction: "true"

Used on: Pod

This annotation controls whether a DaemonSet pod should be evicted by a ClusterAutoscaler. This annotation needs to be specified on DaemonSet pods in a DaemonSet manifest. When this annotation is set to "true", the ClusterAutoscaler is allowed to evict a DaemonSet Pod, even if other rules would normally prevent that. To disallow the ClusterAutoscaler from evicting DaemonSet pods, you can set this annotation to "false" for important DaemonSet pods. If this annotation is not set, then the ClusterAutoscaler follows its overall behavior (i.e evict the DaemonSets based on its configuration).

Note: This annotation only impacts DaemonSet Pods.

kubernetes.io/ingress-bandwidth

Type: Annotation

Example: kubernetes.io/ingress-bandwidth: 10M

Used on: Pod

You can apply quality-of-service traffic shaping to a pod and effectively limit its available bandwidth. Ingress traffic to a Pod is handled by shaping queued packets to effectively handle data. To limit the bandwidth on a Pod, write an object definition JSON file and specify the data traffic speed using kubernetes.io/ingress-bandwidth annotation. The unit used for specifying ingress rate is bits per second, as a Quantity. For example, 10M means 10 megabits per second.

Note: Ingress traffic shaping annotation is an experimental feature. If you want to enable traffic shaping support, you must add the bandwidth plugin to your CNI configuration file (default /etc/cni/net.d) and ensure that the binary is included in your CNI bin dir (default /opt/cni/bin).

kubernetes.io/egress-bandwidth

Type: Annotation

Example: kubernetes.io/egress-bandwidth: 10M

Used on: Pod

Egress traffic from a Pod is handled by policing, which simply drops packets in excess of the configured rate. The limits you place on a Pod do not affect the bandwidth of other Pods. To limit the bandwidth on a Pod, write an object definition JSON file and specify the data traffic speed using kubernetes.io/egress-bandwidth annotation. The unit used for specifying egress rate is bits per second, as a Quantity. For example, 10M means 10 megabits per second.

Note: Egress traffic shaping annotation is an experimental feature. If you want to enable traffic shaping support, you must add the bandwidth plugin to your CNI configuration file (default /etc/cni/net.d) and ensure that the binary is included in your CNI bin dir (default /opt/cni/bin).

beta.kubernetes.io/instance-type (deprecated)

Type: Label

Note: Starting in v1.17, this label is deprecated in favor of node.kubernetes.io/instance-type.

node.kubernetes.io/instance-type

Type: Label

Example: node.kubernetes.io/instance-type: "m3.medium"

Used on: Node

The Kubelet populates this with the instance type as defined by the cloud provider. This will be set only if you are using a cloud provider. This setting is handy if you want to target certain workloads to certain instance types, but typically you want to rely on the Kubernetes scheduler to perform resource-based scheduling. You should aim to schedule based on properties rather than on instance types (for example: require a GPU, instead of requiring a g2.2xlarge).

failure-domain.beta.kubernetes.io/region (deprecated)

Type: Label

Note: Starting in v1.17, this label is deprecated in favor of topology.kubernetes.io/region.

failure-domain.beta.kubernetes.io/zone (deprecated)

Type: Label

Note: Starting in v1.17, this label is deprecated in favor of topology.kubernetes.io/zone.

pv.kubernetes.io/bind-completed

Type: Annotation

Example: pv.kubernetes.io/bind-completed: "yes"

Used on: PersistentVolumeClaim

When this annotation is set on a PersistentVolumeClaim (PVC), that indicates that the lifecycle of the PVC has passed through initial binding setup. When present, that information changes how the control plane interprets the state of PVC objects. The value of this annotation does not matter to Kubernetes.

pv.kubernetes.io/bound-by-controller

Type: Annotation

Example: pv.kubernetes.io/bound-by-controller: "yes"

Used on: PersistentVolume, PersistentVolumeClaim

If this annotation is set on a PersistentVolume or PersistentVolumeClaim, it indicates that a storage binding (PersistentVolume → PersistentVolumeClaim, or PersistentVolumeClaim → PersistentVolume) was installed by the controller. If the annotation isn't set, and there is a storage binding in place, the absence of that annotation means that the binding was done manually. The value of this annotation does not matter.

pv.kubernetes.io/provisioned-by

Type: Annotation

Example: pv.kubernetes.io/provisioned-by: "kubernetes.io/rbd"

Used on: PersistentVolume

This annotation is added to a PersistentVolume(PV) that has been dynamically provisioned by Kubernetes. Its value is the name of volume plugin that created the volume. It serves both users (to show where a PV comes from) and Kubernetes (to recognize dynamically provisioned PVs in its decisions).

pv.kubernetes.io/migrated-to

Type: Annotation

Example: pv.kubernetes.io/migrated-to: pd.csi.storage.gke.io

Used on: PersistentVolume, PersistentVolumeClaim

It is added to a PersistentVolume(PV) and PersistentVolumeClaim(PVC) that is supposed to be dynamically provisioned/deleted by its corresponding CSI driver through the CSIMigration feature gate. When this annotation is set, the Kubernetes components will "stand-down" and the external-provisioner will act on the objects.

statefulset.kubernetes.io/pod-name

Type: Label

Example: statefulset.kubernetes.io/pod-name: "mystatefulset-7"

Used on: Pod

When a StatefulSet controller creates a Pod for the StatefulSet, the control plane sets this label on that Pod. The value of the label is the name of the Pod being created.

See Pod Name Label in the StatefulSet topic for more details.

scheduler.alpha.kubernetes.io/node-selector

Type: Annotation

Example: scheduler.alpha.kubernetes.io/node-selector: "name-of-node-selector"

Used on: Namespace

The PodNodeSelector uses this annotation key to assign node selectors to pods in namespaces.

topology.kubernetes.io/region

Type: Label

Example: topology.kubernetes.io/region: "us-east-1"

Used on: Node, PersistentVolume

See topology.kubernetes.io/zone.

topology.kubernetes.io/zone

Type: Label

Example: topology.kubernetes.io/zone: "us-east-1c"

Used on: Node, PersistentVolume

On Node: The kubelet or the external cloud-controller-manager populates this with the information from the cloud provider. This will be set only if you are using a cloud provider. However, you can consider setting this on nodes if it makes sense in your topology.

On PersistentVolume: topology-aware volume provisioners will automatically set node affinity constraints on a PersistentVolume.

A zone represents a logical failure domain. It is common for Kubernetes clusters to span multiple zones for increased availability. While the exact definition of a zone is left to infrastructure implementations, common properties of a zone include very low network latency within a zone, no-cost network traffic within a zone, and failure independence from other zones. For example, nodes within a zone might share a network switch, but nodes in different zones should not.

A region represents a larger domain, made up of one or more zones. It is uncommon for Kubernetes clusters to span multiple regions, While the exact definition of a zone or region is left to infrastructure implementations, common properties of a region include higher network latency between them than within them, non-zero cost for network traffic between them, and failure independence from other zones or regions. For example, nodes within a region might share power infrastructure (e.g. a UPS or generator), but nodes in different regions typically would not.

Kubernetes makes a few assumptions about the structure of zones and regions:

regions and zones are hierarchical: zones are strict subsets of regions and no zone can be in 2 regions
zone names are unique across regions; for example region "africa-east-1" might be comprised of zones "africa-east-1a" and "africa-east-1b"

It should be safe to assume that topology labels do not change. Even though labels are strictly mutable, consumers of them can assume that a given node is not going to be moved between zones without being destroyed and recreated.

Kubernetes can use this information in various ways. For example, the scheduler automatically tries to spread the Pods in a ReplicaSet across nodes in a single-zone cluster (to reduce the impact of node failures, see kubernetes.io/hostname). With multiple-zone clusters, this spreading behavior also applies to zones (to reduce the impact of zone failures). This is achieved via SelectorSpreadPriority.

SelectorSpreadPriority is a best effort placement. If the zones in your cluster are heterogeneous (for example: different numbers of nodes, different types of nodes, or different pod resource requirements), this placement might prevent equal spreading of your Pods across zones. If desired, you can use homogenous zones (same number and types of nodes) to reduce the probability of unequal spreading.

The scheduler (through the VolumeZonePredicate predicate) also will ensure that Pods, that claim a given volume, are only placed into the same zone as that volume. Volumes cannot be attached across zones.

If PersistentVolumeLabel does not support automatic labeling of your PersistentVolumes, you should consider adding the labels manually (or adding support for PersistentVolumeLabel). With PersistentVolumeLabel, the scheduler prevents Pods from mounting volumes in a different zone. If your infrastructure doesn't have this constraint, you don't need to add the zone labels to the volumes at all.

volume.beta.kubernetes.io/storage-provisioner (deprecated)

Type: Annotation

Example: volume.beta.kubernetes.io/storage-provisioner: "k8s.io/minikube-hostpath"

Used on: PersistentVolumeClaim

This annotation has been deprecated since v1.23. See volume.kubernetes.io/storage-provisioner.

volume.beta.kubernetes.io/storage-class (deprecated)

Type: Annotation

Example: volume.beta.kubernetes.io/storage-class: "example-class"

Used on: PersistentVolume, PersistentVolumeClaim

This annotation can be used for PersistentVolume(PV) or PersistentVolumeClaim(PVC) to specify the name of StorageClass. When both the storageClassName attribute and the volume.beta.kubernetes.io/storage-class annotation are specified, the annotation volume.beta.kubernetes.io/storage-class takes precedence over the storageClassName attribute.

This annotation has been deprecated. Instead, set the storageClassName field for the PersistentVolumeClaim or PersistentVolume.

volume.beta.kubernetes.io/mount-options (deprecated)

Type: Annotation

Example : volume.beta.kubernetes.io/mount-options: "ro,soft"

Used on: PersistentVolume

A Kubernetes administrator can specify additional mount options for when a PersistentVolume is mounted on a node.

volume.kubernetes.io/storage-provisioner

Type: Annotation

Used on: PersistentVolumeClaim

This annotation is added to a PVC that is supposed to be dynamically provisioned. Its value is the name of a volume plugin that is supposed to provision a volume for this PVC.

volume.kubernetes.io/selected-node

Type: Annotation

Used on: PersistentVolumeClaim

This annotation is added to a PVC that is triggered by a scheduler to be dynamically provisioned. Its value is the name of the selected node.

volumes.kubernetes.io/controller-managed-attach-detach

Type: Annotation

Used on: Node

If a node has the annotation volumes.kubernetes.io/controller-managed-attach-detach, its storage attach and detach operations are being managed by the volume attach/detach controller.

The value of the annotation isn't important.

node.kubernetes.io/windows-build

Type: Label

Example: node.kubernetes.io/windows-build: "10.0.17763"

Used on: Node

When the kubelet is running on Microsoft Windows, it automatically labels its Node to record the version of Windows Server in use.

The label's value is in the format "MajorVersion.MinorVersion.BuildNumber".

service.kubernetes.io/headless

Type: Label

Example: service.kubernetes.io/headless: ""

Used on: Service

The control plane adds this label to an Endpoints object when the owning Service is headless.

service.kubernetes.io/topology-aware-hints (deprecated)

Example: service.kubernetes.io/topology-aware-hints: "Auto"

Used on: Service

This annotation was used for enabling topology aware hints on Services. Topology aware hints have since been renamed: the concept is now called topology aware routing. Setting the annotation to Auto, on a Service, configured the Kubernetes control plane to add topology hints on EndpointSlices associated with that Service. You can also explicitly set the annotation to Disabled.

If you are running a version of Kubernetes older than 1.29, check the documentation for that Kubernetes version to see how topology aware routing works in that release.

There are no other valid values for this annotation. If you don't want topology aware hints for a Service, don't add this annotation.

service.kubernetes.io/topology-mode

Type: Annotation

Example: service.kubernetes.io/topology-mode: Auto

Used on: Service

This annotation provides a way to define how Services handle network topology; for example, you can configure a Service so that Kubernetes prefers keeping traffic between a client and server within a single topology zone. In some cases this can help reduce costs or improve network performance.

See Topology Aware Routing for more details.

kubernetes.io/service-name

Type: Label

Example: kubernetes.io/service-name: "my-website"

Used on: EndpointSlice

Kubernetes associates EndpointSlices with Services using this label.

This label records the name of the Service that the EndpointSlice is backing. All EndpointSlices should have this label set to the name of their associated Service.

kubernetes.io/service-account.name

Type: Annotation

Example: kubernetes.io/service-account.name: "sa-name"

Used on: Secret

This annotation records the name of the ServiceAccount that the token (stored in the Secret of type kubernetes.io/service-account-token) represents.

kubernetes.io/service-account.uid

Type: Annotation

Example: kubernetes.io/service-account.uid: da68f9c6-9d26-11e7-b84e-002dc52800da

Used on: Secret

This annotation records the unique ID of the ServiceAccount that the token (stored in the Secret of type kubernetes.io/service-account-token) represents.

kubernetes.io/legacy-token-last-used

Type: Label

Example: kubernetes.io/legacy-token-last-used: 2022-10-24

Used on: Secret

The control plane only adds this label to Secrets that have the type kubernetes.io/service-account-token. The value of this label records the date (ISO 8601 format, UTC time zone) when the control plane last saw a request where the client authenticated using the service account token.

If a legacy token was last used before the cluster gained the feature (added in Kubernetes v1.26), then the label isn't set.

kubernetes.io/legacy-token-invalid-since

Type: Label

Example: kubernetes.io/legacy-token-invalid-since: 2023-10-27

Used on: Secret

The control plane automatically adds this label to auto-generated Secrets that have the type kubernetes.io/service-account-token, provided that you have the LegacyServiceAccountTokenCleanUp feature gate enabled. Kubernetes 1.29 enables that behavior by default. This label marks the Secret-based token as invalid for authentication. The value of this label records the date (ISO 8601 format, UTC time zone) when the control plane detects that the auto-generated Secret has not been used for a specified duration (defaults to one year).

endpointslice.kubernetes.io/managed-by

Type: Label

Example: endpointslice.kubernetes.io/managed-by: "controller"

Used on: EndpointSlices

The label is used to indicate the controller or entity that manages the EndpointSlice. This label aims to enable different EndpointSlice objects to be managed by different controllers or entities within the same cluster.

endpointslice.kubernetes.io/skip-mirror

Type: Label

Example: endpointslice.kubernetes.io/skip-mirror: "true"

Used on: Endpoints

The label can be set to "true" on an Endpoints resource to indicate that the EndpointSliceMirroring controller should not mirror this resource with EndpointSlices.

service.kubernetes.io/service-proxy-name

Type: Label

Example: service.kubernetes.io/service-proxy-name: "foo-bar"

Used on: Service

The kube-proxy has this label for custom proxy, which delegates service control to custom proxy.

experimental.windows.kubernetes.io/isolation-type (deprecated)

Type: Annotation

Example: experimental.windows.kubernetes.io/isolation-type: "hyperv"

Used on: Pod

The annotation is used to run Windows containers with Hyper-V isolation.

Note: Starting from v1.20, this annotation is deprecated. Experimental Hyper-V support was removed in 1.21.

ingressclass.kubernetes.io/is-default-class

Type: Annotation

Example: ingressclass.kubernetes.io/is-default-class: "true"

Used on: IngressClass

When a IngressClass resource has this annotation set to "true", new Ingress resource without a class specified will be assigned this default class.

kubernetes.io/ingress.class (deprecated)

Type: Annotation

Used on: Ingress

Note: Starting in v1.18, this annotation is deprecated in favor of spec.ingressClassName.

storageclass.kubernetes.io/is-default-class

Type: Annotation

Example: storageclass.kubernetes.io/is-default-class: "true"

Used on: StorageClass

When a single StorageClass resource has this annotation set to "true", new PersistentVolumeClaim resource without a class specified will be assigned this default class.

alpha.kubernetes.io/provided-node-ip (alpha)

Type: Annotation

Example: alpha.kubernetes.io/provided-node-ip: "10.0.0.1"

Used on: Node

The kubelet can set this annotation on a Node to denote its configured IPv4 and/or IPv6 address.

When kubelet is started with the --cloud-provider flag set to any value (includes both external and legacy in-tree cloud providers), it sets this annotation on the Node to denote an IP address set from the command line flag (--node-ip). This IP is verified with the cloud provider as valid by the cloud-controller-manager.

batch.kubernetes.io/job-completion-index

Type: Annotation, Label

Example: batch.kubernetes.io/job-completion-index: "3"

Used on: Pod

The Job controller in the kube-controller-manager sets this as a label and annotation for Pods created with Indexed completion mode.

Note the PodIndexLabel feature gate must be enabled for this to be added as a pod label, otherwise it will just be an annotation.

batch.kubernetes.io/cronjob-scheduled-timestamp

Type: Annotation

Example: batch.kubernetes.io/cronjob-scheduled-timestamp: "2016-05-19T03:00:00-07:00"

Used on: Jobs and Pods controlled by CronJobs

This annotation is used to record the original (expected) creation timestamp for a Job, when that Job is part of a CronJob. The control plane sets the value to that timestamp in RFC3339 format. If the Job belongs to a CronJob with a timezone specified, then the timestamp is in that timezone. Otherwise, the timestamp is in controller-manager's local time.

kubectl.kubernetes.io/default-container

Type: Annotation

Example: kubectl.kubernetes.io/default-container: "front-end-app"

The value of the annotation is the container name that is default for this Pod. For example, kubectl logs or kubectl exec without -c or --container flag will use this default container.

kubectl.kubernetes.io/default-logs-container (deprecated)

Type: Annotation

Example: kubectl.kubernetes.io/default-logs-container: "front-end-app"

The value of the annotation is the container name that is the default logging container for this Pod. For example, kubectl logs without -c or --container flag will use this default container.

Note: This annotation is deprecated. You should use the kubectl.kubernetes.io/default-container annotation instead. Kubernetes versions 1.25 and newer ignore this annotation.

kubectl.kubernetes.io/last-applied-configuration

Type: Annotation

Example: see following snippet

    kubectl.kubernetes.io/last-applied-configuration: >
      {"apiVersion":"apps/v1","kind":"Deployment","metadata":{"annotations":{},"name":"example","namespace":"default"},"spec":{"selector":{"matchLabels":{"app.kubernetes.io/name":foo}},"template":{"metadata":{"labels":{"app.kubernetes.io/name":"foo"}},"spec":{"containers":[{"image":"container-registry.example/foo-bar:1.42","name":"foo-bar","ports":[{"containerPort":42}]}]}}}}

Used on: all objects

The kubectl command line tool uses this annotation as a legacy mechanism to track changes. That mechanism has been superseded by Server-side apply.

endpoints.kubernetes.io/over-capacity

Type: Annotation

Example: endpoints.kubernetes.io/over-capacity:truncated

Used on: Endpoints

The control plane adds this annotation to an Endpoints object if the associated Service has more than 1000 backing endpoints. The annotation indicates that the Endpoints object is over capacity and the number of endpoints has been truncated to 1000.

If the number of backend endpoints falls below 1000, the control plane removes this annotation.

control-plane.alpha.kubernetes.io/leader (deprecated)

Type: Annotation

Example: control-plane.alpha.kubernetes.io/leader={"holderIdentity":"controller-0","leaseDurationSeconds":15,"acquireTime":"2023-01-19T13:12:57Z","renewTime":"2023-01-19T13:13:54Z","leaderTransitions":1}

Used on: Endpoints

The control plane previously set annotation on an Endpoints object. This annotation provided the following detail:

Who is the current leader.
The time when the current leadership was acquired.
The duration of the lease (of the leadership) in seconds.
The time the current lease (the current leadership) should be renewed.
The number of leadership transitions that happened in the past.

Kubernetes now uses Leases to manage leader assignment for the Kubernetes control plane.

batch.kubernetes.io/job-tracking (deprecated)

Type: Annotation

Example: batch.kubernetes.io/job-tracking: ""

Used on: Jobs

The presence of this annotation on a Job used to indicate that the control plane is tracking the Job status using finalizers. Adding or removing this annotation no longer has an effect (Kubernetes v1.27 and later) All Jobs are tracked with finalizers.

job-name (deprecated)

Type: Label

Example: job-name: "pi"

Used on: Jobs and Pods controlled by Jobs

Note: Starting from Kubernetes 1.27, this label is deprecated. Kubernetes 1.27 and newer ignore this label and use the prefixed job-name label.

controller-uid (deprecated)

Type: Label

Example: controller-uid: "$UID"

Used on: Jobs and Pods controlled by Jobs

Note: Starting from Kubernetes 1.27, this label is deprecated. Kubernetes 1.27 and newer ignore this label and use the prefixed controller-uid label.

batch.kubernetes.io/job-name

Type: Label

Example: batch.kubernetes.io/job-name: "pi"

Used on: Jobs and Pods controlled by Jobs

This label is used as a user-friendly way to get Pods corresponding to a Job. The job-name comes from the name of the Job and allows for an easy way to get Pods corresponding to the Job.

batch.kubernetes.io/controller-uid

Type: Label

Example: batch.kubernetes.io/controller-uid: "$UID"

Used on: Jobs and Pods controlled by Jobs

This label is used as a programmatic way to get all Pods corresponding to a Job.
The controller-uid is a unique identifer that gets set in the selector field so the Job controller can get all the corresponding Pods.

scheduler.alpha.kubernetes.io/defaultTolerations

Type: Annotation

Example: scheduler.alpha.kubernetes.io/defaultTolerations: '[{"operator": "Equal", "value": "value1", "effect": "NoSchedule", "key": "dedicated-node"}]'

Used on: Namespace

This annotation requires the PodTolerationRestriction admission controller to be enabled. This annotation key allows assigning tolerations to a namespace and any new pods created in this namespace would get these tolerations added.

scheduler.alpha.kubernetes.io/tolerationsWhitelist

Type: Annotation

Example: scheduler.alpha.kubernetes.io/tolerationsWhitelist: '[{"operator": "Exists", "effect": "NoSchedule", "key": "dedicated-node"}]'

Used on: Namespace

This annotation is only useful when the (Alpha) PodTolerationRestriction admission controller is enabled. The annotation value is a JSON document that defines a list of allowed tolerations for the namespace it annotates. When you create a Pod or modify its tolerations, the API server checks the tolerations to see if they are mentioned in the allow list. The pod is admitted only if the check succeeds.

scheduler.alpha.kubernetes.io/preferAvoidPods (deprecated)

Type: Annotation

Used on: Node

This annotation requires the NodePreferAvoidPods scheduling plugin to be enabled. The plugin is deprecated since Kubernetes 1.22. Use Taints and Tolerations instead.

node.kubernetes.io/not-ready

Type: Taint

Example: node.kubernetes.io/not-ready: "NoExecute"

Used on: Node

The Node controller detects whether a Node is ready by monitoring its health and adds or removes this taint accordingly.

node.kubernetes.io/unreachable

Type: Taint

Example: node.kubernetes.io/unreachable: "NoExecute"

Used on: Node

The Node controller adds the taint to a Node corresponding to the NodeCondition Ready being Unknown.

node.kubernetes.io/unschedulable

Type: Taint

Example: node.kubernetes.io/unschedulable: "NoSchedule"

Used on: Node

The taint will be added to a node when initializing the node to avoid race condition.

node.kubernetes.io/memory-pressure

Type: Taint

Example: node.kubernetes.io/memory-pressure: "NoSchedule"

Used on: Node

The kubelet detects memory pressure based on memory.available and allocatableMemory.available observed on a Node. The observed values are then compared to the corresponding thresholds that can be set on the kubelet to determine if the Node condition and taint should be added/removed.

node.kubernetes.io/disk-pressure

Type: Taint

Example: node.kubernetes.io/disk-pressure :"NoSchedule"

Used on: Node

The kubelet detects disk pressure based on imagefs.available, imagefs.inodesFree, nodefs.available and nodefs.inodesFree(Linux only) observed on a Node. The observed values are then compared to the corresponding thresholds that can be set on the kubelet to determine if the Node condition and taint should be added/removed.

node.kubernetes.io/network-unavailable

Type: Taint

Example: node.kubernetes.io/network-unavailable: "NoSchedule"

Used on: Node

This is initially set by the kubelet when the cloud provider used indicates a requirement for additional network configuration. Only when the route on the cloud is configured properly will the taint be removed by the cloud provider.

node.kubernetes.io/pid-pressure

Type: Taint

Example: node.kubernetes.io/pid-pressure: "NoSchedule"

Used on: Node

The kubelet checks D-value of the size of /proc/sys/kernel/pid_max and the PIDs consumed by Kubernetes on a node to get the number of available PIDs that referred to as the pid.available metric. The metric is then compared to the corresponding threshold that can be set on the kubelet to determine if the node condition and taint should be added/removed.

node.kubernetes.io/out-of-service

Type: Taint

Example: node.kubernetes.io/out-of-service:NoExecute

Used on: Node

A user can manually add the taint to a Node marking it out-of-service. If the NodeOutOfServiceVolumeDetach feature gate is enabled on kube-controller-manager, and a Node is marked out-of-service with this taint, the Pods on the node will be forcefully deleted if there are no matching tolerations on it and volume detach operations for the Pods terminating on the node will happen immediately. This allows the Pods on the out-of-service node to recover quickly on a different node.

Caution: Refer to Non-graceful node shutdown for further details about when and how to use this taint.

node.cloudprovider.kubernetes.io/uninitialized

Type: Taint

Example: node.cloudprovider.kubernetes.io/uninitialized: "NoSchedule"

Used on: Node

Sets this taint on a Node to mark it as unusable, when kubelet is started with the "external" cloud provider, until a controller from the cloud-controller-manager initializes this Node, and then removes the taint.

node.cloudprovider.kubernetes.io/shutdown

Type: Taint

Example: node.cloudprovider.kubernetes.io/shutdown: "NoSchedule"

Used on: Node

If a Node is in a cloud provider specified shutdown state, the Node gets tainted accordingly with node.cloudprovider.kubernetes.io/shutdown and the taint effect of NoSchedule.

feature.node.kubernetes.io/*

Type: Label

Example: feature.node.kubernetes.io/network-sriov.capable: "true"

Used on: Node

These labels are used by the Node Feature Discovery (NFD) component to advertise features on a node. All built-in labels use the feature.node.kubernetes.io label namespace and have the format feature.node.kubernetes.io/<feature-name>: "true". NFD has many extension points for creating vendor and application-specific labels. For details, see the customization guide.

nfd.node.kubernetes.io/master.version

Type: Annotation

Example: nfd.node.kubernetes.io/master.version: "v0.6.0"

Used on: Node

For node(s) where the Node Feature Discovery (NFD) master is scheduled, this annotation records the version of the NFD master. It is used for informative use only.

nfd.node.kubernetes.io/worker.version

Type: Annotation

Example: nfd.node.kubernetes.io/worker.version: "v0.4.0"

Used on: Nodes

This annotation records the version for a Node Feature Discovery's worker if there is one running on a node. It's used for informative use only.

nfd.node.kubernetes.io/feature-labels

Type: Annotation

Example: nfd.node.kubernetes.io/feature-labels: "cpu-cpuid.ADX,cpu-cpuid.AESNI,cpu-hardware_multithreading,kernel-version.full"

Used on: Nodes

This annotation records a comma-separated list of node feature labels managed by Node Feature Discovery (NFD). NFD uses this for an internal mechanism. You should not edit this annotation yourself.

nfd.node.kubernetes.io/extended-resources

Type: Annotation

Example: nfd.node.kubernetes.io/extended-resources: "accelerator.acme.example/q500,example.com/coprocessor-fx5"

Used on: Nodes

This annotation records a comma-separated list of extended resources managed by Node Feature Discovery (NFD). NFD uses this for an internal mechanism. You should not edit this annotation yourself.

nfd.node.kubernetes.io/node-name

Type: Label

Example: nfd.node.kubernetes.io/node-name: node-1

Used on: Nodes

It specifies which node the NodeFeature object is targeting. Creators of NodeFeature objects must set this label and consumers of the objects are supposed to use the label for filtering features designated for a certain node.

Note: These Node Feature Discovery (NFD) labels or annotations only apply to the nodes where NFD is running. To learn more about NFD and its components go to its official documentation.

service.beta.kubernetes.io/aws-load-balancer-access-log-emit-interval (beta)

Example: service.beta.kubernetes.io/aws-load-balancer-access-log-emit-interval: "5"

Used on: Service

The cloud controller manager integration with AWS elastic load balancing configures the load balancer for a Service based on this annotation. The value determines how often the load balancer writes log entries. For example, if you set the value to 5, the log writes occur 5 seconds apart.

service.beta.kubernetes.io/aws-load-balancer-access-log-enabled (beta)

Example: service.beta.kubernetes.io/aws-load-balancer-access-log-enabled: "false"

Used on: Service

The cloud controller manager integration with AWS elastic load balancing configures the load balancer for a Service based on this annotation. Access logging is enabled if you set the annotation to "true".

service.beta.kubernetes.io/aws-load-balancer-access-log-s3-bucket-name (beta)

Example: service.beta.kubernetes.io/aws-load-balancer-access-log-enabled: example

Used on: Service

The cloud controller manager integration with AWS elastic load balancing configures the load balancer for a Service based on this annotation. The load balancer writes logs to an S3 bucket with the name you specify.

service.beta.kubernetes.io/aws-load-balancer-access-log-s3-bucket-prefix (beta)

Example: service.beta.kubernetes.io/aws-load-balancer-access-log-enabled: "/example"

Used on: Service

The cloud controller manager integration with AWS elastic load balancing configures the load balancer for a Service based on this annotation. The load balancer writes log objects with the prefix that you specify.

service.beta.kubernetes.io/aws-load-balancer-additional-resource-tags (beta)

Example: service.beta.kubernetes.io/aws-load-balancer-additional-resource-tags: "Environment=demo,Project=example"

Used on: Service

The cloud controller manager integration with AWS elastic load balancing configures tags (an AWS concept) for a load balancer based on the comma-separated key/value pairs in the value of this annotation.

service.beta.kubernetes.io/aws-load-balancer-alpn-policy (beta)

Example: service.beta.kubernetes.io/aws-load-balancer-alpn-policy: HTTP2Optional

Used on: Service

The AWS load balancer controller uses this annotation. See annotations in the AWS load balancer controller documentation.

service.beta.kubernetes.io/aws-load-balancer-attributes (beta)

Example: service.beta.kubernetes.io/aws-load-balancer-attributes: "deletion_protection.enabled=true"

Used on: Service

The AWS load balancer controller uses this annotation. See annotations in the AWS load balancer controller documentation.

service.beta.kubernetes.io/aws-load-balancer-backend-protocol (beta)

Example: service.beta.kubernetes.io/aws-load-balancer-backend-protocol: tcp

Used on: Service

The cloud controller manager integration with AWS elastic load balancing configures the load balancer listener based on the value of this annotation.

service.beta.kubernetes.io/aws-load-balancer-connection-draining-enabled (beta)

Example: service.beta.kubernetes.io/aws-load-balancer-connection-draining-enabled: "false"

Used on: Service

The cloud controller manager integration with AWS elastic load balancing configures the load balancer based on this annotation. The load balancer's connection draining setting depends on the value you set.

service.beta.kubernetes.io/aws-load-balancer-connection-draining-timeout (beta)

Example: service.beta.kubernetes.io/aws-load-balancer-connection-draining-timeout: "60"

Used on: Service

If you configure connection draining for a Service of type: LoadBalancer, and you use the AWS cloud, the integration configures the draining period based on this annotation. The value you set determines the draining timeout in seconds.

service.beta.kubernetes.io/aws-load-balancer-ip-address-type (beta)

Example: service.beta.kubernetes.io/aws-load-balancer-ip-address-type: ipv4

Used on: Service

The AWS load balancer controller uses this annotation. See annotations in the AWS load balancer controller documentation.

service.beta.kubernetes.io/aws-load-balancer-connection-idle-timeout (beta)

Example: service.beta.kubernetes.io/aws-load-balancer-connection-idle-timeout: "60"

Used on: Service

The cloud controller manager integration with AWS elastic load balancing configures a load balancer based on this annotation. The load balancer has a configured idle timeout period (in seconds) that applies to its connections. If no data has been sent or received by the time that the idle timeout period elapses, the load balancer closes the connection.

service.beta.kubernetes.io/aws-load-balancer-cross-zone-load-balancing-enabled (beta)

Example: service.beta.kubernetes.io/aws-load-balancer-cross-zone-load-balancing-enabled: "true"

Used on: Service

The cloud controller manager integration with AWS elastic load balancing configures a load balancer based on this annotation. If you set this annotation to "true", each load balancer node distributes requests evenly across the registered targets in all enabled availability zones. If you disable cross-zone load balancing, each load balancer node distributes requests evenly across the registered targets in its availability zone only.

service.beta.kubernetes.io/aws-load-balancer-eip-allocations (beta)

Example: service.beta.kubernetes.io/aws-load-balancer-eip-allocations: "eipalloc-01bcdef23bcdef456,eipalloc-def1234abc4567890"

Used on: Service

The cloud controller manager integration with AWS elastic load balancing configures a load balancer based on this annotation. The value is a comma-separated list of elastic IP address allocation IDs.

This annotation is only relevant for Services of type: LoadBalancer, where the load balancer is an AWS Network Load Balancer.

service.beta.kubernetes.io/aws-load-balancer-extra-security-groups (beta)

Example: service.beta.kubernetes.io/aws-load-balancer-extra-security-groups: "sg-12abcd3456,sg-34dcba6543"

Used on: Service

The cloud controller manager integration with AWS elastic load balancing configures a load balancer based on this annotation. The annotation value is a comma-separated list of extra AWS VPC security groups to configure for the load balancer.

service.beta.kubernetes.io/aws-load-balancer-healthcheck-healthy-threshold (beta)

Example: service.beta.kubernetes.io/aws-load-balancer-healthcheck-healthy-threshold: "3"

Used on: Service

The cloud controller manager integration with AWS elastic load balancing configures a load balancer based on this annotation. The annotation value specifies the number of successive successful health checks required for a backend to be considered healthy for traffic.

service.beta.kubernetes.io/aws-load-balancer-healthcheck-interval (beta)

Example: service.beta.kubernetes.io/aws-load-balancer-healthcheck-interval: "30"

Used on: Service

The cloud controller manager integration with AWS elastic load balancing configures a load balancer based on this annotation. The annotation value specifies the interval, in seconds, between health check probes made by the load balancer.

service.beta.kubernetes.io/aws-load-balancer-healthcheck-path (beta)

Example: service.beta.kubernetes.io/aws-load-balancer-healthcheck-path: /healthcheck

Used on: Service

The cloud controller manager integration with AWS elastic load balancing configures a load balancer based on this annotation. The annotation value determines the path part of the URL that is used for HTTP health checks.

service.beta.kubernetes.io/aws-load-balancer-healthcheck-port (beta)

Example: service.beta.kubernetes.io/aws-load-balancer-healthcheck-port: "24"

Used on: Service

The cloud controller manager integration with AWS elastic load balancing configures a load balancer based on this annotation. The annotation value determines which port the load balancer connects to when performing health checks.

service.beta.kubernetes.io/aws-load-balancer-healthcheck-protocol (beta)

Example: service.beta.kubernetes.io/aws-load-balancer-healthcheck-protocol: TCP

Used on: Service

The cloud controller manager integration with AWS elastic load balancing configures a load balancer based on this annotation. The annotation value determines how the load balancer checks the health of backend targets.

service.beta.kubernetes.io/aws-load-balancer-healthcheck-timeout (beta)

Example: service.beta.kubernetes.io/aws-load-balancer-healthcheck-timeout: "3"

Used on: Service

The cloud controller manager integration with AWS elastic load balancing configures a load balancer based on this annotation. The annotation value specifies the number of seconds before a probe that hasn't yet succeeded is automatically treated as having failed.

service.beta.kubernetes.io/aws-load-balancer-healthcheck-unhealthy-threshold (beta)

Example: service.beta.kubernetes.io/aws-load-balancer-healthcheck-unhealthy-threshold: "3"

Used on: Service

The cloud controller manager integration with AWS elastic load balancing configures a load balancer based on this annotation. The annotation value specifies the number of successive unsuccessful health checks required for a backend to be considered unhealthy for traffic.

service.beta.kubernetes.io/aws-load-balancer-internal (beta)

Example: service.beta.kubernetes.io/aws-load-balancer-internal: "true"

Used on: Service

The cloud controller manager integration with AWS elastic load balancing configures a load balancer based on this annotation. When you set this annotation to "true", the integration configures an internal load balancer.

If you use the AWS load balancer controller, see service.beta.kubernetes.io/aws-load-balancer-scheme.

service.beta.kubernetes.io/aws-load-balancer-manage-backend-security-group-rules (beta)

Example: service.beta.kubernetes.io/aws-load-balancer-manage-backend-security-group-rules: "true"

Used on: Service

The AWS load balancer controller uses this annotation. See annotations in the AWS load balancer controller documentation.

service.beta.kubernetes.io/aws-load-balancer-name (beta)

Example: service.beta.kubernetes.io/aws-load-balancer-name: my-elb

Used on: Service

If you set this annotation on a Service, and you also annotate that Service with service.beta.kubernetes.io/aws-load-balancer-type: "external", and you use the AWS load balancer controller in your cluster, then the AWS load balancer controller sets the name of that load balancer to the value you set for this annotation.

See annotations in the AWS load balancer controller documentation.

service.beta.kubernetes.io/aws-load-balancer-nlb-target-type (beta)

Example: service.beta.kubernetes.io/aws-load-balancer-nlb-target-type: "true"

Used on: Service

The AWS load balancer controller uses this annotation. See annotations in the AWS load balancer controller documentation.

service.beta.kubernetes.io/aws-load-balancer-private-ipv4-addresses (beta)

Example: service.beta.kubernetes.io/aws-load-balancer-private-ipv4-addresses: "198.51.100.0,198.51.100.64"

Used on: Service

The AWS load balancer controller uses this annotation. See annotations in the AWS load balancer controller documentation.

service.beta.kubernetes.io/aws-load-balancer-proxy-protocol (beta)

Example: service.beta.kubernetes.io/aws-load-balancer-proxy-protocol: "*"

Used on: Service

The official Kubernetes integration with AWS elastic load balancing configures a load balancer based on this annotation. The only permitted value is "*", which indicates that the load balancer should wrap TCP connections to the backend Pod with the PROXY protocol.

service.beta.kubernetes.io/aws-load-balancer-scheme (beta)

Example: service.beta.kubernetes.io/aws-load-balancer-scheme: internal

Used on: Service

The AWS load balancer controller uses this annotation. See annotations in the AWS load balancer controller documentation.

service.beta.kubernetes.io/aws-load-balancer-security-groups (deprecated)

Example: service.beta.kubernetes.io/aws-load-balancer-security-groups: "sg-53fae93f,sg-8725gr62r"

Used on: Service

The AWS load balancer controller uses this annotation to specify a comma seperated list of security groups you want to attach to an AWS load balancer. Both name and ID of security are supported where name matches a Name tag, not the groupName attribute.

When this annotation is added to a Service, the load-balancer controller attaches the security groups referenced by the annotation to the load balancer. If you omit this annotation, the AWS load balancer controller automatically creates a new security group and attaches it to the load balancer.

Note: Kubernetes v1.27 and later do not directly set or read this annotation. However, the AWS load balancer controller (part of the Kubernetes project) does still use the service.beta.kubernetes.io/aws-load-balancer-security-groups annotation.

service.beta.kubernetes.io/load-balancer-source-ranges (deprecated)

Example: service.beta.kubernetes.io/load-balancer-source-ranges: "192.0.2.0/25"

Used on: Service

The AWS load balancer controller uses this annotation. You should set .spec.loadBalancerSourceRanges for the Service instead.

service.beta.kubernetes.io/aws-load-balancer-ssl-cert (beta)

Example: service.beta.kubernetes.io/aws-load-balancer-ssl-cert: "arn:aws:acm:us-east-1:123456789012:certificate/12345678-1234-1234-1234-123456789012"

Used on: Service

The official integration with AWS elastic load balancing configures TLS for a Service of type: LoadBalancer based on this annotation. The value of the annotation is the AWS Resource Name (ARN) of the X.509 certificate that the load balancer listener should use.

(The TLS protocol is based on an older technology that abbreviates to SSL.)

service.beta.kubernetes.io/aws-load-balancer-ssl-negotiation-policy (beta)

Example: service.beta.kubernetes.io/aws-load-balancer-ssl-negotiation-policy: ELBSecurityPolicy-TLS-1-2-2017-01

The official integration with AWS elastic load balancing configures TLS for a Service of type: LoadBalancer based on this annotation. The value of the annotation is the name of an AWS policy for negotiating TLS with a client peer.

service.beta.kubernetes.io/aws-load-balancer-ssl-ports (beta)

Example: service.beta.kubernetes.io/aws-load-balancer-ssl-ports: "*"

The official integration with AWS elastic load balancing configures TLS for a Service of type: LoadBalancer based on this annotation. The value of the annotation is either "*", which means that all the load balancer's ports should use TLS, or it is a comma separated list of port numbers.

service.beta.kubernetes.io/aws-load-balancer-subnets (beta)

Example: service.beta.kubernetes.io/aws-load-balancer-subnets: "private-a,private-b"

Kubernetes' official integration with AWS uses this annotation to configure a load balancer and determine in which AWS availability zones to deploy the managed load balancing service. The value is either a comma separated list of subnet names, or a comma separated list of subnet IDs.

service.beta.kubernetes.io/aws-load-balancer-target-group-attributes (beta)

Example: service.beta.kubernetes.io/aws-load-balancer-target-group-attributes: "stickiness.enabled=true,stickiness.type=source_ip"

Used on: Service

The AWS load balancer controller uses this annotation. See annotations in the AWS load balancer controller documentation.

service.beta.kubernetes.io/aws-load-balancer-target-node-labels (beta)

Example: service.beta.kubernetes.io/aws-load-balancer-target-node-labels: "kubernetes.io/os=Linux,topology.kubernetes.io/region=us-east-2"

Kubernetes' official integration with AWS uses this annotation to determine which nodes in your cluster should be considered as valid targets for the load balancer.

service.beta.kubernetes.io/aws-load-balancer-type (beta)

Example: service.beta.kubernetes.io/aws-load-balancer-type: external

Kubernetes' official integrations with AWS use this annotation to determine whether the AWS cloud provider integration should manage a Service of type: LoadBalancer.

There are two permitted values:

nlb: the cloud controller manager configures a Network Load Balancer
external: the cloud controller manager does not configure any load balancer

If you deploy a Service of type: LoadBalancer on AWS, and you don't set any service.beta.kubernetes.io/aws-load-balancer-type annotation, the AWS integration deploys a classic Elastic Load Balancer. This behavior, with no annotation present, is the default unless you specify otherwise.

When you set this annotation to external on a Service of type: LoadBalancer, and your cluster has a working deployment of the AWS Load Balancer controller, then the AWS Load Balancer controller attempts to deploy a load balancer based on the Service specification.

Caution: Do not modify or add the service.beta.kubernetes.io/aws-load-balancer-type annotation on an existing Service object. See the AWS documentation on this topic for more details.

pod-security.kubernetes.io/enforce

Type: Label

Example: pod-security.kubernetes.io/enforce: "baseline"

Used on: Namespace

Value must be one of privileged, baseline, or restricted which correspond to Pod Security Standard levels. Specifically, the enforce label prohibits the creation of any Pod in the labeled Namespace which does not meet the requirements outlined in the indicated level.

See Enforcing Pod Security at the Namespace Level for more information.

pod-security.kubernetes.io/enforce-version

Type: Label

Example: pod-security.kubernetes.io/enforce-version: "1.29"

Used on: Namespace

Value must be latest or a valid Kubernetes version in the format v<major>.<minor>. This determines the version of the Pod Security Standard policies to apply when validating a Pod.

See Enforcing Pod Security at the Namespace Level for more information.

pod-security.kubernetes.io/audit

Type: Label

Example: pod-security.kubernetes.io/audit: "baseline"

Used on: Namespace

Value must be one of privileged, baseline, or restricted which correspond to Pod Security Standard levels. Specifically, the audit label does not prevent the creation of a Pod in the labeled Namespace which does not meet the requirements outlined in the indicated level, but adds an this annotation to the Pod.

See Enforcing Pod Security at the Namespace Level for more information.

pod-security.kubernetes.io/audit-version

Type: Label

Example: pod-security.kubernetes.io/audit-version: "1.29"

Used on: Namespace

Value must be latest or a valid Kubernetes version in the format v<major>.<minor>. This determines the version of the Pod Security Standard policies to apply when validating a Pod.

See Enforcing Pod Security at the Namespace Level for more information.

pod-security.kubernetes.io/warn

Type: Label

Example: pod-security.kubernetes.io/warn: "baseline"

Used on: Namespace

Value must be one of privileged, baseline, or restricted which correspond to Pod Security Standard levels. Specifically, the warn label does not prevent the creation of a Pod in the labeled Namespace which does not meet the requirements outlined in the indicated level, but returns a warning to the user after doing so. Note that warnings are also displayed when creating or updating objects that contain Pod templates, such as Deployments, Jobs, StatefulSets, etc.

See Enforcing Pod Security at the Namespace Level for more information.

pod-security.kubernetes.io/warn-version

Type: Label

Example: pod-security.kubernetes.io/warn-version: "1.29"

Used on: Namespace

Value must be latest or a valid Kubernetes version in the format v<major>.<minor>. This determines the version of the Pod Security Standard policies to apply when validating a submitted Pod. Note that warnings are also displayed when creating or updating objects that contain Pod templates, such as Deployments, Jobs, StatefulSets, etc.

See Enforcing Pod Security at the Namespace Level for more information.

rbac.authorization.kubernetes.io/autoupdate

Type: Annotation

Example: rbac.authorization.kubernetes.io/autoupdate: "false"

Used on: ClusterRole, ClusterRoleBinding, Role, RoleBinding

When this annotation is set to "true" on default RBAC objects created by the API server, they are automatically updated at server start to add missing permissions and subjects (extra permissions and subjects are left in place). To prevent autoupdating a particular role or rolebinding, set this annotation to "false". If you create your own RBAC objects and set this annotation to "false", kubectl auth reconcile (which allows reconciling arbitrary RBAC objects in a manifest) respects this annotation and does not automatically add missing permissions and subjects.

kubernetes.io/psp (deprecated)

Type: Annotation

Example: kubernetes.io/psp: restricted

Used on: Pod

This annotation was only relevant if you were using PodSecurityPolicy objects. Kubernetes v1.29 does not support the PodSecurityPolicy API.

When the PodSecurityPolicy admission controller admitted a Pod, the admission controller modified the Pod to have this annotation. The value of the annotation was the name of the PodSecurityPolicy that was used for validation.

seccomp.security.alpha.kubernetes.io/pod (non-functional)

Type: Annotation

Used on: Pod

Kubernetes before v1.25 allowed you to configure seccomp behavior using this annotation. See Restrict a Container's Syscalls with seccomp to learn the supported way to specify seccomp restrictions for a Pod.

container.seccomp.security.alpha.kubernetes.io/[NAME] (non-functional)

Type: Annotation

Used on: Pod

snapshot.storage.kubernetes.io/allow-volume-mode-change

Type: Annotation

Example: snapshot.storage.kubernetes.io/allow-volume-mode-change: "true"

Used on: VolumeSnapshotContent

Value can either be true or false. This determines whether a user can modify the mode of the source volume when a PersistentVolumeClaim is being created from a VolumeSnapshot.

Refer to Converting the volume mode of a Snapshot and the Kubernetes CSI Developer Documentation for more information.

scheduler.alpha.kubernetes.io/critical-pod (deprecated)

Type: Annotation

Example: scheduler.alpha.kubernetes.io/critical-pod: ""

Used on: Pod

This annotation lets Kubernetes control plane know about a Pod being a critical Pod so that the descheduler will not remove this Pod.

Note: Starting in v1.16, this annotation was removed in favor of Pod Priority.

Annotations used for audit

See more details on Audit Annotations.

kubeadm

kubeadm.alpha.kubernetes.io/cri-socket

Type: Annotation

Example: kubeadm.alpha.kubernetes.io/cri-socket: unix:///run/containerd/container.sock

Used on: Node

Annotation that kubeadm uses to preserve the CRI socket information given to kubeadm at init/join time for later use. kubeadm annotates the Node object with this information. The annotation remains "alpha", since ideally this should be a field in KubeletConfiguration instead.

kubeadm.kubernetes.io/etcd.advertise-client-urls

Type: Annotation

Example: kubeadm.kubernetes.io/etcd.advertise-client-urls: https://172.17.0.18:2379

Used on: Pod

Annotation that kubeadm places on locally managed etcd Pods to keep track of a list of URLs where etcd clients should connect to. This is used mainly for etcd cluster health check purposes.

kubeadm.kubernetes.io/kube-apiserver.advertise-address.endpoint

Type: Annotation

Example: kubeadm.kubernetes.io/kube-apiserver.advertise-address.endpoint: https://172.17.0.18:6443

Used on: Pod

Annotation that kubeadm places on locally managed kube-apiserver Pods to keep track of the exposed advertise address/port endpoint for that API server instance.

kubeadm.kubernetes.io/component-config.hash

Type: Annotation

Example: kubeadm.kubernetes.io/component-config.hash: 2c26b46b68ffc68ff99b453c1d30413413422d706483bfa0f98a5e886266e7ae

Used on: ConfigMap

Annotation that kubeadm places on ConfigMaps that it manages for configuring components. It contains a hash (SHA-256) used to determine if the user has applied settings different from the kubeadm defaults for a particular component.

node-role.kubernetes.io/control-plane

Type: Label

Used on: Node

A marker label to indicate that the node is used to run control plane components. The kubeadm tool applies this label to the control plane nodes that it manages. Other cluster management tools typically also set this taint.

You can label control plane nodes with this label to make it easier to schedule Pods only onto these nodes, or to avoid running Pods on the control plane. If this label is set, the EndpointSlice controller ignores that node while calculating Topology Aware Hints.

node-role.kubernetes.io/control-plane

Type: Taint

Example: node-role.kubernetes.io/control-plane:NoSchedule

Used on: Node

Taint that kubeadm applies on control plane nodes to restrict placing Pods and allow only specific pods to schedule on them.

If this Taint is applied, control plane nodes allow only critical workloads to be scheduled onto them. You can manually remove this taint with the following command on a specific node.

kubectl taint nodes <node-name> node-role.kubernetes.io/control-plane:NoSchedule-

node-role.kubernetes.io/master (deprecated)

Type: Taint

Used on: Node

Example: node-role.kubernetes.io/master:NoSchedule

Taint that kubeadm previously applied on control plane nodes to allow only critical workloads to schedule on them. Replaced by the node-role.kubernetes.io/control-plane taint. kubeadm no longer sets or uses this deprecated taint.

1 - Audit Annotations

This page serves as a reference for the audit annotations of the kubernetes.io namespace. These annotations apply to Event object from API group audit.k8s.io.

Note: The following annotations are not used within the Kubernetes API. When you enable auditing in your cluster, audit event data is written using Event from API group audit.k8s.io. The annotations apply to audit events. Audit events are different from objects in the Event API (API group events.k8s.io).

pod-security.kubernetes.io/exempt

Example: pod-security.kubernetes.io/exempt: namespace

Value must be one of user, namespace, or runtimeClass which correspond to Pod Security Exemption dimensions. This annotation indicates on which dimension was based the exemption from the PodSecurity enforcement.

pod-security.kubernetes.io/enforce-policy

Example: pod-security.kubernetes.io/enforce-policy: restricted:latest

Value must be privileged:<version>, baseline:<version>, restricted:<version> which correspond to Pod Security Standard levels accompanied by a version which must be latest or a valid Kubernetes version in the format v<MAJOR>.<MINOR>. This annotations informs about the enforcement level that allowed or denied the pod during PodSecurity admission.

See Pod Security Standards for more information.

pod-security.kubernetes.io/audit-violations

Example: pod-security.kubernetes.io/audit-violations: would violate PodSecurity "restricted:latest": allowPrivilegeEscalation != false (container "example" must set securityContext.allowPrivilegeEscalation=false), ...

Value details an audit policy violation, it contains the Pod Security Standard level that was transgressed as well as the specific policies on the fields that were violated from the PodSecurity enforcement.

See Pod Security Standards for more information.

authorization.k8s.io/decision

Example: authorization.k8s.io/decision: "forbid"

This annotation indicates whether or not a request was authorized in Kubernetes audit logs.

See Auditing for more information.

authorization.k8s.io/reason

Example: authorization.k8s.io/reason: "Human-readable reason for the decision"

This annotation gives reason for the decision in Kubernetes audit logs.

See Auditing for more information.

missing-san.invalid-cert.kubernetes.io/$hostname

Example: missing-san.invalid-cert.kubernetes.io/example-svc.example-namespace.svc: "relies on a legacy Common Name field instead of the SAN extension for subject validation"

Used by Kubernetes version v1.24 and later

This annotation indicates a webhook or aggregated API server is using an invalid certificate that is missing subjectAltNames. Support for these certificates was disabled by default in Kubernetes 1.19, and removed in Kubernetes 1.23.

Requests to endpoints using these certificates will fail. Services using these certificates should replace them as soon as possible to avoid disruption when running in Kubernetes 1.23+ environments.

There's more information about this in the Go documentation: X.509 CommonName deprecation.

insecure-sha1.invalid-cert.kubernetes.io/$hostname

Example: insecure-sha1.invalid-cert.kubernetes.io/example-svc.example-namespace.svc: "uses an insecure SHA-1 signature"

Used by Kubernetes version v1.24 and later

This annotation indicates a webhook or aggregated API server is using an insecure certificate signed with a SHA-1 hash. Support for these insecure certificates is disabled by default in Kubernetes 1.24, and will be removed in a future release.

Services using these certificates should replace them as soon as possible, to ensure connections are secured properly and to avoid disruption in future releases.

There's more information about this in the Go documentation: Rejecting SHA-1 certificates.

validation.policy.admission.k8s.io/validation_failure

Example: validation.policy.admission.k8s.io/validation_failure: '[{"message": "Invalid value", {"policy": "policy.example.com", {"binding": "policybinding.example.com", {"expressionIndex": "1", {"validationActions": ["Audit"]}]'

Used by Kubernetes version v1.27 and later.

This annotation indicates that a admission policy validation evaluted to false for an API request, or that the validation resulted in an error while the policy was configured with failurePolicy: Fail.

The value of the annotation is a JSON object. The message in the JSON provides the message about the validation failure.

The policy, binding and expressionIndex in the JSON identifies the name of the ValidatingAdmissionPolicy, the name of the ValidatingAdmissionPolicyBinding and the index in the policy validations of the CEL expressions that failed, respectively.

The validationActions shows what actions were taken for this validation failure. See Validating Admission Policy for more details about validationActions.